Series Vs. Parallel and Ohm's Law

Today we started off by seeing how hooking up circuits in series as opposed to parallel affect resistors in the circuit.

Hooking up resistors, light bulbs in this case, in series as opposed to parallel make a difference in the light brightness. In series, the current is the same, but the voltage is split between the two. In parallel, the current is not the same, but the voltage is the same when it reaches the bulb. This causes increased light.

Here we set up an experiment where we heated water with a heater, with a certain amount of voltage and current coming through it.

Using LoggerPro, as well as our knowledge from prior chapters involving heat energy, we calculated several values. Temperature, and alpha, a constant that is unique to different materials

Electric Potential

We started off todays lecture by trying to figure out  different ways that we can light a bulb with a battery and one wire.

We experimented with different ways to light the bulb and then drew the diagrams of what worked and what did not work.

Drawing a generic diagram for what worked, we then gave a description to the three components involved in the experiment. The battery gives energy/voltage, the bulb uses energy, displayed as light, and the wire is the material that the energy transfers through

Here we used two bulbs instead of one, which increased the brightness. The brightness was doubled, because we doubled the voltage/energy in the system

Above are different versions of an ammeter. An ammeter measures current at any point in a circuit. Simply wire it into the circuit at any point and it will give you the current at that point

Here we graphed the current vs. voltage graph. We found that the sloped was resistence. This leads to the equation V = IR.

Here we had current traveling through wires so we can see how area affected the equation V = IR

Doing experimenting, changing the area decreased the resistance experienced. This is a very important principle, that resistance is inversely proportional to cross-sectional area. If you are sending current through a wire, simply increase the cross-sectional area of the wire to decrease the resistance experienced.

Makeup: Heat Engines

Here a heat difference between two different regions of water is used to create an electrical current to power the hypno-disc


Here is a device we will use to view the different type of thermodynamic processes that occur.

Here are our predictions for what will occur when certain conditions are changed on the system.

This is the Volume V Pressure graph for the device

Knowing what was changed and what type of processes occurred between points, we were able to find the the change in energy, heat added/lost, and work done between points

Gauss' Law

 

Here we drew flux lines going from charges. Picking different regions, some with 0, 1, 2, etc charges, we figured out net flux and net charge. We came up with a relationship: the difference between flux lines in and out of a region is proportional to the charge within the region.

For the next part, we begin to put things in a microwave and see how the electromagnetic radiation would effect them. A lighted match created plasma balls, a fork did nothing, and a CD had damage on the surface of it. The match created plasma balls because of the water vapor interacting with the electromagnetic radiation. Also, the light bulb we put in lit up.

Here we derived equations and solved problems with the knowledge we have learned thus far

Dipole moment & Flux

Here we show electric fields and there effects on a positive and negative charge, which is they go in opposite directions. By treating the particles as if there was a rod between them, then there would be a negative torque applied to the rod. The torque can be found by knowing the quantity of p and the angler the center of the rod makes with the horizontal

 

Here we put a conductive metal cylinder on top of a device that supplies electrons. We predicted that the excess electrons would cause the foil pieces connected to the string to move away, both inward and outward, from the cylinder. What really happened was only the outer foil pieces moved away from the cylinder. This is due to the simple principle that excess electrons will get as far away from one another. We also discovered that the electric field inside a conductor is zero.

Here we explore the concept of Flux, which is the difference between the electric fields going inside and outside of a surface.

Above are the solutions to a questions in regards to flux.

Electric Field, Field Hockey

Just like there are certain properties of a gravity field, we correlated those to an electric field.

Here we solved a problem of determining an electric field of an object composed of several different charges throughout

 The above three pictures were from a program to help familiarize ourselves with electric forces and lines. By playing with the distances between, as well as the charge, of the particles, we were able to see the effect of the force and field.

Here we answered several questions regarding electric fields.

By recording the electric field between uniform distances and using a graph that increase by that same uniform distance, we were easily able to determine the fields present at points on the graph

In the above screenshots, I played field hockey and guided a charged particle into a goal through the use of positive and negative charges.

Electrial force, Coulomb's Law

 Here we rubbed a balloon with a piece of fur. The balloon sticks due to the electrons it took from the fur. These extra electrons create a force towards the glass that is equal but opposite to the normal force.

 After putting pieces of tape onto the table, we took them off and placed them towards another. They repelled one another.

  Just like mass has forces between them, charges have forces between them. That is what we are illustrating with the above equations. A key difference is that the force can be negative or positive for charges, where as it is only positive for gravity. The 2nd equation from the top is called Coulomb's Law, and is used to measure the electrical force between two point charges

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In the above two pictures we made a graph measuring force and used relationships to solver for the charge

 Here we had two seperate charges, q1 and q2, separated by a distance r. We used Coulomb's Law to solver for the force between them.

 

Just like above, we used Coulomb's Law to solve a problem, but did so in the x and y planes.

 

Here we use a device that transports electrons to the top, thus transporting its' excess electrons out of the top

  

Here electrons are shooting to the blades of the propellers. The propeller are moving due to the combined velocity of the electrons.

 

Here the excess electrons get transported to the hair strands. Now that the strands have the same negative charge, the repel from each other as seen in the picture.